encouraging

encouraging to see that there is a growing interest in applying energyefficient technology in developing countries and economies in transition. Although costs are an obstacle for applying modern technology, the industrialised world seems increasingly prepared to look for new ways of information and technology transfer to these developing parts of the world.
How important are heat pumps in relation to the environment? Any thermodynamic specialist or heating/ cooling engineer will have no problem in quickly answering this question. The numbers on COPs and SPFs as well as specific CO2 emission levels are available and can lead to only one conclusion: an increasing application of heat pumps without delay is very important

The IIR

The IIR has prepared the Refrigeration Sector Achievements and Challenges Report for the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development on August 26- September 4, 2002. The report, titled “Industry as a partner for sustainable development”, is one of 22 sector reports prepared under the auspices of and facilitated by UNEP. For each sector, the overall achievements and limits for the three main dimensions of sustainable development, i.e. social, economic and environmental, are described in depth and future challenges are outlined. The IEA Heat Pump Centre has contributed to the sector report drafting process. The economic scope of the heat pump sub-sector has been estimated at USD 17.8 billion of annual sales. At the launch meeting of the report on May 15, 2002, IIR Director François Billiard stressed that reducing the gap between industrialised and developing countries in terms of the availability of refrigeration equipment, knowledge and training, will undoubtedly be the main refrigeration sector challenge in years to come

Responsibilities

Responsibilities
Distributor Responsibilities. Distributors participating in the energy right Heat Pump Plan are responsible for the following: • Arranging for all program-required inspections • Coordinating QCN member participation with TVA Customer Service Center personnel. If the distributor believes a QCN member participating in the program in their area has violated program criteria, the distributor may collect any evidence to support the claim, and may present such evidence to the appropriate Customer Service Center TVA personnel • Notifying all QCN members participating in the program in their service area of how the heat pump program will operate in their area, if any incentives or rebates are available and what percentage of inspections will be performed
Contractor (QCN) Responsibilities. TVA will maintain a list of heat pump contractors who apply and qualify for membership in the Quality Contractor Network (a group of contractors listed by TVA).  Only QCN members shall participate in the energy right Heat Pump Plan.
If a QCN member, or representative, has any questions about weatherization measure(s), installation criteria, inspection procedures, or forms, the inspector should be notified prior to installatio

members are responsible for:

QCN members are responsible for: • Determining if the dwelling or  business is a good application for the installation of a heat pump, which may include the condition of the structure as well as living habits of the residents; for example, a home in obvious need of extensive structural repair would not be a good application • Determining the legal owner of the dwelling prior to applying for program financing • Ensuring that the installation of the heat pump does not alter the structural integrity of the dwelling • Informing customer, preferably in writing, of details about the heat pump installation prior to beginning work, including: − type of equipment and accessories − weatherization work required − location of heat pump units − location of registers, return air grilles, thermostats, ductwork, etc. − alterations to home − time frame for installation

Requirements section,

Requirements section, item 2, utilizing the manufacturer's published capacities for an entering water temperature of 90°F (cooling); however, the total cooling capacity shall not be more than two times the total cooling load. The gallon per minute flow rate shall be within the range specified by the manufacturer. − Earth Coil Design ⇒ The earth coil shall be sized and installed as recommended by the "Closed Loop/Ground-Source Heat Pump Installation Guide" and the "Ground Source Systems: Design and Installation Standard" by the International Ground Source Heat Pump Association. The earth coil design length shall satisfy the heat gain or heat loss, whichever is greater, for the structure. ⇒ The final earth coil design shall be determined by the QCN member, equipment distributor, and/or heat pump manufacturer. A computer printout (or equal) and sketch of the earth coil layout shall be available for review at the request of the inspector. − Earth Coil Installations ⇒ Earth coils may be installed in either parallel or series. When parallel coils are used with a reduced header design or a reverse return header design, the total effective length of the individual loops shall be within 5 percent of each other to ensure balanced fluid flow through the loops. ⇒ Pipes entering the building through a foundation wall or floor shall be sealed and/or protected. The pipes shall be contained in a sleeve to protect them from chafing on the floor or wall as they expand and contract. If the possibility of ground water seepage through the opening exists, the area around the piping shall be protected and sealed

Determine cooling capacity

Determine cooling capacity by using the following formula:  Btuh = (h2 - h1) x 4.5 x CFM   h1 =  heat content of air from Enthalpy Table corresponding to supply air  wet bulb temperature.*  h2 =  heat content of air from Enthalpy Table  corresponding to return air wet bulb temperature.*  4.5 =  air properties constant  CFM =  cubic feet per minute air calculated, from funnel, temperature rise, or return air method  *   At supply air outlet and inlet indoors record wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures.   (From Enthalpy Table record heat content values that correspond to supply and return air wet bulb temperatures, h1 and h2, respectively) − Verify that system capacity is ± 10% of the equipment manufacturer's rating at the test conditions.
Procedures for Notifying Customer and QCN member of Failed Inspections
When a program required inspection of an installation is made and the installation is not in compliance with program standards, the Inspector will indicate on the Heat Pump Installation Inspection Checklist (TVA 6254T) and on the Work Completion/ Form (TVA 6254T-1) (where applicable) the reason(s) for the failure to pass the inspection. The QCN member may be allowed to correct minor deficiencies while the inspector is on-site. Customer and QCN members must receive a copy of Heat Pump Installation Inspection Checklist. All deficiencies must be corrected and be in compliance within 10 business days. Following corrections by the QCN member, the inspector shall be notified, after which a reinspection shall be scheduled and performed. If, during thi

Existing Conditions

Existing Conditions—The QCN member shall be responsible for determining if the installation of additional floor insulation will cause structural damage to the residence. If applicable, QCN members shall notify inspector and customers prior to installing insulation if they determine that an R-value different from that recommended should be installed.  The QCN member shall be responsible for completing all preparation work involving insulation materials already existing in the residence, such as blocking around heat-dissipating devices that were covered with existing insulation, etc.  The customer shall be responsible for seeing that preparation work such as repairing the floor, foundation wall leaks, pipe leaks, vent leaks, removing objects stored in the crawl space area, etc., is completed if failure to do so would adversely affect the installation of additional insulation. • General Requirements − Cross Bracing. Batts and blankets shall fit snugly against the floor joists, cross-braces, headers, and adjacent batts or blankets. Gaps between floor joists and insulation caused by carpenter error or warped joists shall be stuffed with insulation to reduce energy loss. Batts or blankets shall be cut and split in such a way as to fit between any cross-bracing if looping under the cross-bracing will require more than one-third of the batt or blanket to extend below the floor joists. Any method other than cutting and splitting at the cross-bracing must be approved by TVA.  − Heat Dissipating Devices. Insulation materials shall maintain a minimum 3-inch clearance from heat dissipating devices such as furnaces and electric motors; also the insulation material shall be prevented from blocking or restricting combustion air openings of gas or oil-fired furnaces. − Underfloor Protection. Insulation materials in open underfloor areas shall be protected from the weather and other hazards by fastening (stapling) a minimum 6-mil thickness polyethylene to the bottom of the floor joists perimeter inwards 2 to 3 feet. In addition, the floor insulation shall be supported by poultry netting or nylon mesh beneath the entire floor to protect it from destruction by animals.  − Crawlspace Vents. Proper crawl space ventilation, as discussed in these standards, shall be installed if needed. The insulation shall not cover or block the ventilation system in any way.  − Exhaust Vents. Clothes dryer and other exhaust vents shall be vented to the outside. • Vapor Barriers—An acceptable floor vapor barrier shall be installed toward the winter-warm side of the insulation. − Approximately 80 percent ground coverage is recommended for existing homes (one year old or older). In placing the vapor barrier over the underfloor surface, the adjoining edges shall be

Check cabinets for prope

Check cabinets for proper alignment and any unnecessary holes.  Holes allowed are for the manufacturer's approved internal condensate drain system (condensate drain lines shall be sized in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and all instances at least as large as the heat pump's drain connection). (Major)
k. Ground Water Source Heat Pump (GWSHP) and Earth Coupled Heat Pump (ECHP) Inspection Procedures Inspect GWSHPs and ECHPs and duct system(s) for adherence to Standards The preceding inspection procedures shall apply to both GWSHPs and ECHPs except as follows:
1) Check GWSHP and ECHP for installation of pressure/temperature (P/T) test ports installed in the "water-in" and "water-out" piping runs at the unit.  The P/T test ports shall be as close as possible to the heat pump. (Major)
2) Check system heating capacity as follows: (Major)
a) Allow heat pump system to operate for at least 15 minutes.
b) Measure water pressure drop (PD) between water-in and water-out test plugs at heat pump. (Use same instrument to measure both to reduce error).
c) Measure entering water temperature at water-in test plug.

Payments. TVA

Payments. TVA will pay MVP by Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) or a mutually agreed upon alternative arrangement. Payments will be based on heat pump installations successfully entered in the energy right Program data base, which have not been previously paid. • Amount of MVP—The distributor will be paid for heat pumps meeting all requirements in the energy right Program agreement according to the current payment plan (Schedule HP). MVP is based on efficiency. • Adjustment of Payment Rates—When the payment rate is adjusted, the distributor will be informed of the adjustment and its effective date. After the effective date of any adjustment in the payment rate, the distributor will have three months to inspect and qualify any installations committed to prior to the effective date of the adjustment as evidenced by documentation confirming the date of that commitment. Payment Procedures. Distributors apply for payment by submitting a Work Completion Form to TVA’s database. Documentation. The distributor shall maintain files containing information for each participant in the energy right Heat Pump Plan. At a minimum, distributor records shall include the following: • A completed Work Completion/ Form indicating the size, type, etc., of each heat pump. • A Quality Contractor Network (QCN) member invoice providing the brand, type unit, rated capacity, and serial and model numbers of the equipment installed. Financing If a distributor has selected financing for the Heat Pump Plan, see Article X for requirements and procedures. Financing is limited to heat pump equipment and accessories and associated weatherization as listed in the Financing Section of the Reference Materials for existing dwellings only. At this time, there is no financing for the business application.

"Liquid" sensor

"Liquid" sensor This is in the liquid line of the outdoor coil. It begins the defrosting cycle after a period of 30, 60 or 90 minutes (as selected) has elapsed from the start-up or since the previous defrosting, when the temperature detected drops to -5°C or less. It stops the defrost cycle when the liquid temperature reaches 13°C or stays at a minimum of 7°C for at least 5 minutes. It prevents defrost in mild climates when it does not detect a sufficiently low temperature. The reading for the beginning of defrost of 30, 60 or 90 minutes is nominal. These periods are based on an outside temperature of 2°C, a highly unfavourable level which causes considerable frost formation. At lower temperatures the overall humidity content of the ambient air is lower, making it possible to postpone the defrost cycles, thus saving energy. For example, at -10°C outside temperature, the reading times for the beginning of defrost will be 60, 90 & 120 minutes. Balance point It prevents functioning of the support system when the outside temperature is higher than the balance point as adjusted on the plaque. In this way, we save the heater's functioning as long as the heat pump is capable of satisfying the building's requirements. The balance point can be adjusted between 14°C and -4°C. This avoids the necessity of fitting an additional outside thermostat.